UB04 SEASONAL SHADING<\/h2><\/div><\/p>\nOpen-air sunlight shading in warm months<\/h4>\n
<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”24390″ img_size=”medium” alignment=”right”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space][vc_text_separator title=”” color=”custom” border_width=”4″ accent_color=”#fae699″][vc_column_text]Aim<\/strong><\/p>\nTo ensure a minimum shading in outdoor recreation areas or transit in the warm months. This strategy contributes not only to mitigating the effects of heat islands by minimising the direct incidence of solar radiation, but also favours the use of public space by improving its comfort conditions.<\/p>\n
Why?<\/strong><\/p>\nComfort in public or private open spaces should be seen as a value in favour of sustainability, since people’s well-being contributes directly to improving their quality of life, productivity and social relations. The forecast scenario for the coming years shows an increase in maximum
\ntemperatures that will make it increasingly difficult to use public space on certain days of the year due to climate change.
\nAchieving thermal comfort in public spaces has a direct impact on themitigation of climate change by lowering temperatures at street level.
\nThis means that as a city increases the number of comfortable urban spaces, there will be a reduction in the heat emitted into the atmosphere.
\nHowever, the thermal conditions of urban spaces affect the environmental conditions of buildings, the energy consumption of their air-conditioned systems and the corresponding greenhouse gas emissions.<\/p>\n
How?<\/strong><\/p>\nFor these purposes, the shadows cast by the building itself, the tall vegetation and all the elements designed for this purpose, such as awnings and pergolas, should be considered. It should be noted that although shading is prioritised in the hottest months of the year, it should not hinder access to direct sunlight in the coldest months. At our latitude, this is very important, so the most effective systems for the stated
\nobjectives are those that can be assembled or dismantled or those that work naturally with that premise, such as deciduous trees.
\nThe most common systems are:
\n\u2022 deciduous trees that provide shading in hot weather but not in winter,
\n\u2022 pergolas, arbours and trellises of climbers or other species that need
\nsupport to develop,
\n\u2022 textile sheets tensioned with ETFE, PES\/PVC, GLASS\/PTFE,
\n\u2022 roller shutters,
\n\u2022 mobile horizontal awnings,
\n\u2022 metallic or wooden mobile, removable or fixed slat panels,
\n\u2022 plant or wooden elements forming a slightly dense surface and
\n\u2022 lightweight roofs made of low albedo materials (see sheet UB06).
\nThe best seasonal shading system is the one naturally offered by deciduous trees which we enjoy in squares and avenues and which
\ncan also be combined with other sustainable solutions. If solutions with textile elements are used, it is necessary to select the material and the
\ncolour appropriately, as in certain climatic conditions, because of the rather high average humidity level, these may hard to maintain.<\/p>\n
\u25baMesure method \/ Formula<\/strong>
\nThis is determined by the percentage of shaded area in relation to the total outdoor recreation and transit areas:
\nISest = (Shaded area \/ Total area) \u00b7 100
\nShaded area = Shaded area of open space
\nTotal area = Total area of open space.
\nThis should be estimated for the central hours (12 noon to 5 pm, solar time) of the hottest days of the year (June, July, August and September).
\nThis time interval should be extended according to the use of the public space under analysis.
\nIf we take into account pedestrian itineraries, this is determined by calculating the percentage of shaded pedestrian itinerary relative to the
\ntotal pedestrian itinerary per street:
\nISip = (length of shade in metres\/ length of street in metres) \u00b7 100 (%)
\nlength of shade in metres = linear metres of shaded itinerary
\nlength of street in metres = the length of the street measured along its axis. The shadow width should be at least 1.20 metres or, on narrower
\npavements, the total width of the pavement.
\nThe shade density index must be taken into account to ensure that the shading elements chosen produce sufficient shade in both outdoor recreation areas and itineraries.
\nThe shade density index is determined by calculating the optical transmittance for artificial elements or by the leaf area index (LAI) for trees.
\nOptical transmittance expresses the fraction of incident light of a specific wavelength which passes a sample:
\nOptical transmittance = (Incident power \/ Resulting power) x 100 (%)
\nIncident P is the solar radiation that strikes the material and resulting power is the radiation that this emits to the covered area.
\nOptical transmittance values must be supplied by manufacturers of materials or, failing this, calculated or estimated by design teams. The
\nmost common value ranges by material are included in the annex.
\nThe leaf area index (LAI) describes the total area of superimposed leaves of a plant projected on the ground (m2\/m2). A list of average
\nvalues for a wide range of plant species is provided in the annex.
\nTarget values:
\nCover elements should reach a shade density index \u2264 0,20 to be considered as a shadow artefact for the calculation of the shading index in
\noutdoor recreation areas and the shading index in pedestrian routes.
\nTrees should reach an leaf area index \u2264 4 to be considered as a shadow artefact for the calculation of the shading index in outdoor recreation
\nareas and the shading index in pedestrian routes.[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”24391″ img_size=”full”][vc_column_text]Proposal for seasonal shading between Vello Carcere and the Seminario Mayor. 2004. Architects: A. Gonz\u00e1lez, M. L\u00f3pez, J. Salvador, J. <\/em>Bouza and M. Cort\u00f3n.<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”24392″ img_size=”full”][vc_column_text]Removable installation. www.cancerfonden.se.<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”24394″ img_size=”full”][vc_column_text]Avenida de Ram\u00f3n Ferreiro, Lugo, in winter. Fuente: http:\/\/lugo.gal<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″ css=”.vc_custom_1614096237766{background-color: #fdfae4 !important;}”][vc_text_separator title=”street SCALE INTERVENTION” color=”custom” style=”dotted” border_width=”2″ accent_color=”#fae699″][vc_single_image image=”24687″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][vc_text_separator title=”ISSUES AFFECTED” color=”custom” style=”dotted” border_width=”2″ accent_color=”#fae699″][vc_gallery type=”image_grid” images=”23817,23899,23824,23820,23826,23907,23902,23821,23908,23819,23818,23897″ onclick=”custom_link” custom_links=”https:\/\/www.saulverez.com,https:\/\/www.concellodelugo.com” img_size=”52×52″][vc_text_separator title=”SUITABLE FOR COMBINING WITH OTHER SOLUTIONS” color=”custom” style=”dotted” border_width=”2″ accent_color=”#fae699″][vc_gallery type=”image_grid” images=”25569,25570,25520,25532″ onclick=”custom_link” img_size=”150×55″ custom_links=”http:\/\/www.lugobiodinamico.eu\/catalogo\/en\/proyectos\/ub02-orientation-of-buildings\/,http:\/\/www.lugobiodinamico.eu\/catalogo\/en\/proyectos\/ub03-direct-sunlight-in-open-spaces\/,http:\/\/www.lugobiodinamico.eu\/catalogo\/en\/proyectos\/ev02-urban-forest\/,http:\/\/www.lugobiodinamico.eu\/catalogo\/en\/proyectos\/ev04-pocket-garden\/,”][vc_text_separator title=”MEASURING ELEMENTS” color=”custom” style=”dotted” border_width=”2″ accent_color=”#fae699″][vc_column_text]Indicator<\/strong>
\nShaded area in outdoor recreation areas
\nUnit<\/strong>
\nISest (%)
\nMinimum goal<\/strong>
\nShading index in outdoor recreation areas \u2265 80 %
\nof the whole area
\nDesirable goal<\/strong>
\nShading index in outdoor recreation areas \u2265 100 %
\nof the whole area
\nMesure method \/ Formula<\/strong>
\nPlease, find details in the text of this sheet. In addition, the adequacy
\nof the shade density index must be verified.
\nShading index in outdoor recreation areas = (A \/ B) 100
\nA: Shaded area in m2
\nB: Total area in m2[\/vc_column_text][vc_text_separator title=”planning level” color=”custom” style=”dotted” border_width=”2″ accent_color=”#fae699″][vc_column_text]Construction project
\nUrban planning project[\/vc_column_text][vc_text_separator title=”AGENTS INVOLVED” color=”custom” style=”dotted” border_width=”2″ accent_color=”#fae699″][vc_column_text]Planning Design team
\nCouncil arquitect[\/vc_column_text][vc_text_separator title=”Possible actions promoted by the administration” color=”custom” style=”dotted” border_width=”2″ accent_color=”#fae699″][vc_column_text]Drafting of building regulations in accordance with this strategy.[\/vc_column_text][vc_text_separator title=”What should we consider for its implementation?” color=”custom” style=”dotted” border_width=”2″ accent_color=”#fae699″][vc_column_text]Creating open spaces adapted to the climate of the place is closely related to the position of the building. Therefore, it is essential to study the ordinance considering optimising the position of buildings with that of open spaces at the same time.[\/vc_column_text][vc_text_separator title=”EXAMPLES” color=”custom” style=”dotted” border_width=”2″ accent_color=”#fae699″][vc_column_text]Portim\u00e3o playground <\/em>![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.lugobiodinamico.eu\/catalogo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Enlace-web-150x150.png\")
<\/a><\/p>\nXaranca Pavilion ![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.lugobiodinamico.eu\/catalogo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Enlace-web-300x300.png\")
<\/a><\/p>\nPop up park Grotekerkplein <\/em><\/a><\/p>\n
Open-air sunlight shading in warm months<\/h4>\n
<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”24390″ img_size=”medium” alignment=”right”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space][vc_text_separator title=”” color=”custom” border_width=”4″ accent_color=”#fae699″][vc_column_text]Aim<\/strong><\/p>\n To ensure a minimum shading in outdoor recreation areas or transit in the warm months. This strategy contributes not only to mitigating the effects of heat islands by minimising the direct incidence of solar radiation, but also favours the use of public space by improving its comfort conditions.<\/p>\n Why?<\/strong><\/p>\n Comfort in public or private open spaces should be seen as a value in favour of sustainability, since people’s well-being contributes directly to improving their quality of life, productivity and social relations. The forecast scenario for the coming years shows an increase in maximum How?<\/strong><\/p>\n For these purposes, the shadows cast by the building itself, the tall vegetation and all the elements designed for this purpose, such as awnings and pergolas, should be considered. It should be noted that although shading is prioritised in the hottest months of the year, it should not hinder access to direct sunlight in the coldest months. At our latitude, this is very important, so the most effective systems for the stated \u25baMesure method \/ Formula<\/strong> <\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”24392″ img_size=”full”][vc_column_text]Removable installation. www.cancerfonden.se.<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”24394″ img_size=”full”][vc_column_text]Avenida de Ram\u00f3n Ferreiro, Lugo, in winter. Fuente: http:\/\/lugo.gal<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″ css=”.vc_custom_1614096237766{background-color: #fdfae4 !important;}”][vc_text_separator title=”street SCALE INTERVENTION” color=”custom” style=”dotted” border_width=”2″ accent_color=”#fae699″][vc_single_image image=”24687″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][vc_text_separator title=”ISSUES AFFECTED” color=”custom” style=”dotted” border_width=”2″ accent_color=”#fae699″][vc_gallery type=”image_grid” images=”23817,23899,23824,23820,23826,23907,23902,23821,23908,23819,23818,23897″ onclick=”custom_link” custom_links=”https:\/\/www.saulverez.com,https:\/\/www.concellodelugo.com” img_size=”52×52″][vc_text_separator title=”SUITABLE FOR COMBINING WITH OTHER SOLUTIONS” color=”custom” style=”dotted” border_width=”2″ accent_color=”#fae699″][vc_gallery type=”image_grid” images=”25569,25570,25520,25532″ onclick=”custom_link” img_size=”150×55″ custom_links=”http:\/\/www.lugobiodinamico.eu\/catalogo\/en\/proyectos\/ub02-orientation-of-buildings\/,http:\/\/www.lugobiodinamico.eu\/catalogo\/en\/proyectos\/ub03-direct-sunlight-in-open-spaces\/,http:\/\/www.lugobiodinamico.eu\/catalogo\/en\/proyectos\/ev02-urban-forest\/,http:\/\/www.lugobiodinamico.eu\/catalogo\/en\/proyectos\/ev04-pocket-garden\/,”][vc_text_separator title=”MEASURING ELEMENTS” color=”custom” style=”dotted” border_width=”2″ accent_color=”#fae699″][vc_column_text]Indicator<\/strong> Xaranca Pavilion Pop up park Grotekerkplein <\/em>
\ntemperatures that will make it increasingly difficult to use public space on certain days of the year due to climate change.
\nAchieving thermal comfort in public spaces has a direct impact on themitigation of climate change by lowering temperatures at street level.
\nThis means that as a city increases the number of comfortable urban spaces, there will be a reduction in the heat emitted into the atmosphere.
\nHowever, the thermal conditions of urban spaces affect the environmental conditions of buildings, the energy consumption of their air-conditioned systems and the corresponding greenhouse gas emissions.<\/p>\n
\nobjectives are those that can be assembled or dismantled or those that work naturally with that premise, such as deciduous trees.
\nThe most common systems are:
\n\u2022 deciduous trees that provide shading in hot weather but not in winter,
\n\u2022 pergolas, arbours and trellises of climbers or other species that need
\nsupport to develop,
\n\u2022 textile sheets tensioned with ETFE, PES\/PVC, GLASS\/PTFE,
\n\u2022 roller shutters,
\n\u2022 mobile horizontal awnings,
\n\u2022 metallic or wooden mobile, removable or fixed slat panels,
\n\u2022 plant or wooden elements forming a slightly dense surface and
\n\u2022 lightweight roofs made of low albedo materials (see sheet UB06).
\nThe best seasonal shading system is the one naturally offered by deciduous trees which we enjoy in squares and avenues and which
\ncan also be combined with other sustainable solutions. If solutions with textile elements are used, it is necessary to select the material and the
\ncolour appropriately, as in certain climatic conditions, because of the rather high average humidity level, these may hard to maintain.<\/p>\n
\nThis is determined by the percentage of shaded area in relation to the total outdoor recreation and transit areas:
\nISest = (Shaded area \/ Total area) \u00b7 100
\nShaded area = Shaded area of open space
\nTotal area = Total area of open space.
\nThis should be estimated for the central hours (12 noon to 5 pm, solar time) of the hottest days of the year (June, July, August and September).
\nThis time interval should be extended according to the use of the public space under analysis.
\nIf we take into account pedestrian itineraries, this is determined by calculating the percentage of shaded pedestrian itinerary relative to the
\ntotal pedestrian itinerary per street:
\nISip = (length of shade in metres\/ length of street in metres) \u00b7 100 (%)
\nlength of shade in metres = linear metres of shaded itinerary
\nlength of street in metres = the length of the street measured along its axis. The shadow width should be at least 1.20 metres or, on narrower
\npavements, the total width of the pavement.
\nThe shade density index must be taken into account to ensure that the shading elements chosen produce sufficient shade in both outdoor recreation areas and itineraries.
\nThe shade density index is determined by calculating the optical transmittance for artificial elements or by the leaf area index (LAI) for trees.
\nOptical transmittance expresses the fraction of incident light of a specific wavelength which passes a sample:
\nOptical transmittance = (Incident power \/ Resulting power) x 100 (%)
\nIncident P is the solar radiation that strikes the material and resulting power is the radiation that this emits to the covered area.
\nOptical transmittance values must be supplied by manufacturers of materials or, failing this, calculated or estimated by design teams. The
\nmost common value ranges by material are included in the annex.
\nThe leaf area index (LAI) describes the total area of superimposed leaves of a plant projected on the ground (m2\/m2). A list of average
\nvalues for a wide range of plant species is provided in the annex.
\nTarget values:
\nCover elements should reach a shade density index \u2264 0,20 to be considered as a shadow artefact for the calculation of the shading index in
\noutdoor recreation areas and the shading index in pedestrian routes.
\nTrees should reach an leaf area index \u2264 4 to be considered as a shadow artefact for the calculation of the shading index in outdoor recreation
\nareas and the shading index in pedestrian routes.[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”24391″ img_size=”full”][vc_column_text]Proposal for seasonal shading between Vello Carcere and the Seminario Mayor. 2004. Architects: A. Gonz\u00e1lez, M. L\u00f3pez, J. Salvador, J. <\/em>Bouza and M. Cort\u00f3n.<\/em><\/p>\n
\nShaded area in outdoor recreation areas
\nUnit<\/strong>
\nISest (%)
\nMinimum goal<\/strong>
\nShading index in outdoor recreation areas \u2265 80 %
\nof the whole area
\nDesirable goal<\/strong>
\nShading index in outdoor recreation areas \u2265 100 %
\nof the whole area
\nMesure method \/ Formula<\/strong>
\nPlease, find details in the text of this sheet. In addition, the adequacy
\nof the shade density index must be verified.
\nShading index in outdoor recreation areas = (A \/ B) 100
\nA: Shaded area in m2
\nB: Total area in m2[\/vc_column_text][vc_text_separator title=”planning level” color=”custom” style=”dotted” border_width=”2″ accent_color=”#fae699″][vc_column_text]Construction project
\nUrban planning project[\/vc_column_text][vc_text_separator title=”AGENTS INVOLVED” color=”custom” style=”dotted” border_width=”2″ accent_color=”#fae699″][vc_column_text]Planning Design team
\nCouncil arquitect[\/vc_column_text][vc_text_separator title=”Possible actions promoted by the administration” color=”custom” style=”dotted” border_width=”2″ accent_color=”#fae699″][vc_column_text]Drafting of building regulations in accordance with this strategy.[\/vc_column_text][vc_text_separator title=”What should we consider for its implementation?” color=”custom” style=”dotted” border_width=”2″ accent_color=”#fae699″][vc_column_text]Creating open spaces adapted to the climate of the place is closely related to the position of the building. Therefore, it is essential to study the ordinance considering optimising the position of buildings with that of open spaces at the same time.[\/vc_column_text][vc_text_separator title=”EXAMPLES” color=”custom” style=”dotted” border_width=”2″ accent_color=”#fae699″][vc_column_text]Portim\u00e3o playground <\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n